Revista Intelector
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector
<p>A Revista Intellector prioriza o debate plural e não sectário sobre a Geopolítica e as Relações Internacionais, abarcando a discussão sobre as temáticas com interface para a História, Geografia, Economia e demais áreas. A Intellector prioriza o Acesso Livre e irrestrito aos seus conte´údos, não cobrando qualquer tipo de taxa para publicação.</p> <p>Ao longo de duas décadas de existência, a Intellector jamais recebeu qualquer tipo de ajuda privada ou governamental, fato que garante a sua total independência editorial durante duas décadas.</p> <p>The Intellector Journal prioritizes plural and non-sectarian debate on Geopolitics and International Relations, encompassing discussions with interfaces to History, Geography, Economics, and other related areas. Intellector prioritizes open and unrestricted access to its content, not charging any fees for publication.</p> <p>Throughout its two decades of existence, Intellector has never received any form of private or governmental assistance, ensuring its complete editorial independence for two decades.</p>Centro de Estudos em Geopolítica e Relações Internacionaispt-BRRevista Intelector1808-0529Editorial #40
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/48
<p>Editorial #40</p>
Editoral | Editor's NoteptCharles PennaforteGuilherme Sandoval GóesCarlos Alberto Leite da Silva
Copyright (c) 2023 Charles Pennaforte, Guilherme Sandoval Góes, Carlos Alberto Leite da Silva (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05010310.5281/10616452A responsabilidade de proteger: possível resposta para o dilema da intervenção humanitária
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/46
<p>The purpose of the article is to analyze the Responsibility to Protect as a possible response to the dilemma of humanitarian intervention considering the precepts set out in the United Nations Charter. To this end, the concepts of sovereignty and non-use of force delimited in the Charter will be addressed, as these intrinsically imply the possible application of R2P or not. Subsequently, the objective is to present R2P from its genesis to the delimitation of its scope of application based on its legal contour; and, finally, the final considerations about the viability of R2P, as a possible response to the dilemma of humanitarian interventions. From this perspective, this article will use the hypothetical deductive method, in addition to bibliographical research and documentary analysis to develop a study with primacy.</p>
DossiêHumanitarian Intervention; Responsibility to Protect; Use of Force; United Nations Organization.Bárbara Thaís Pinheiro SilvaGuilherme Sandoval Góes
Copyright (c) 2023 Bárbara Thaís Pinheiro Silva, Guilherme Sandoval Góes (Autor)
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2023-12-302023-12-3015917310.5281/10600188A proteção dos refugiados venezuelanos no Brasil: as operações "Acolhida" e "Controle" à luz da ação cível originária Nº 3121/RR de 2018
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/45
<p>Since 2017, thousands of people have left Venezuela in search of shelter and social assistance in other states. The humanitarian crisis unleashed in the Venezuelan State resulted in an increase in the flow of migrants to several countries, including Brazil. Due to the increase in requests for refuge, the state of Rondônia filed the records of the Original Civil Action number 3121/RR of 2018. Therefore, the objective is to analyze the Public Policy adopted by Brazil with regard to Venezuelan refugees, with emphasis on the operations "Reception" and "Control", in the light of the decision by the Federal Supreme Court in the case file. With this, the investigation addresses important aspects of refugee rights before the international community and the Brazilian legal system. For that, a qualitative technique and critical analysis of international treaties and national norms are used the Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees, of 1951, the Federal Constitution of 1988, and Law number 9.474/1997. The main conclusion obtained is that the measure claimed by the state of Roraima confuses the concepts of internal sovereignty with external sovereignty, in addition to not being a balanced proportion between the rights of refugees and the supposed burden borne by the state of Roraima, in view of the coordinated action carried out by the Federal Government Consequently, the Federal Supreme Court acted correctly in denying the closure of borders for Venezuelans.</p>
DossiêHuman Rights; Refugees; Venezuela; Border control; Public policy.Ana Claudia Moreira Miguel PhilippiniRenato Augusto de Alcântara Philippini
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Claudia Moreira Miguel Philippini, Renato Augusto de Alcântara Philippini (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-0514315810.5281/10600163Metaconstitucionalismo e o Direito Internacional dos Conflitos Armados (DICA): base da legitimidade no emprego do poder aéreo
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/44
<p>Although the use of aircraft in armed conflicts has already been a century-old reality, there is no specific protocol in the International Law of Armed Conflicts (LAC) for its use. All events related to the Employment of Air Power were analyzed in the light of existing Treaties and Conventions designed for naval and land clashes, or to regulate some specific type of weaponry. This article sought to address how LAC has been metaconstitutional legislation since its inception and the complexity of its application in the use of Air Power. For this, two theoretical aspects were presented that aim to attack the psychological aspect, and the other the material aspect, and in the end, we verified that the existence of Rules of Engagement is a metaconstitutional requirement while the use of good practices established by international non-state actors recommended, but not mandatory.</p>
DossiêInternational Law of Armed Conflict; Air Power; Metaconstitutionalism; Rules of Engagement, Best Practices.Luis Cordeiro Pombo Celles
Copyright (c) 2023 Luis Cordeiro Pombo Celles (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-0512414210.5281/10600141O emprego da inteligência artificial na guerra, efeitos humanitários e desafios para o Direito Internacional
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/42
<p>Technological development is a determining factor in the progress of humanity, but it also has the capacity to bring risks, damages, and serious problems, especially in the humanitarian dimension. The objective of the article is to analyze the relationship between the use of weapons and military equipment with artificial intelligence and the humanitarian issues arising from it, and to think about possible treatments within the scope of international law. The method used was a bibliographic review based on theory on the subject. The main objective is to assess the humanitarian consequences arising from the military use of artificial intelligence and the possible solutions provided by international law. It is concluded that the development and use of new technologies, especially cybernetics and artificial intelligence, is an irreversible path, but considering the multiple humanitarian effects that may be produced by such equipment, given the absence of international standards that prohibit the use of weapons equipped with artificial intelligence, there is no other way than to use the current norms of international humanitarian law.</p>
DossiêAutonomous weapons; Artificial intelligence; Humanitarian Issues; International Humanitarian Law.Rafael Gonçalves Mota
Copyright (c) 2023 Rafael Gonçalves Mota (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-0511112410.5281/10600126Drones em conflitos armados: considerações sob a égide do Metaconstitucionalismo
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/41
<p>This article aims to analyze the use of Unmanned Aircraft (UA - Unmanned Aircraft) and the need for its regulation in situations of armed conflict, highlighting the Aerospace Power and considering the precepts of Metaconstitutionalism. From the preliminary analyses, advantages are pointed out regarding the use of this aerial vector, such as the optimization of operating costs, the preservation of the human factor and the promotion of the development of new technologies. As a risk point, there is a need for discussions, in the sense of outlining guidelines for international regulatory acts, due to possible legal gaps and different interpretations existing regarding the use of UA in armed conflicts. Thus, after verifying the national constitutional bases and norms advocated by International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law, a regulation is suggested a regulation that observes what is advocated in Metaconstitutionalism. At the national level, the article points to the lack of guidelines for the use of these aircraft in real conflicts.</p>
DossiêUnmanned Aircraft; armed conflicts; international law; Drones; Metaconstitutionalism.Carla MichelEduardo Araújo da Silva
Copyright (c) 2023 Carla Michel, Eduardo Araújo da Silva (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-059411110.5281/Missões humanitárias e pesquisa científica: a experiência junto a Operação Acolhida
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/40
<p>This article proposes reflections on humanitarian missions, understanding them as fruitful spaces for the development of scientific research. Taking as a reference Operation Acolhida, a humanitarian response proposed by the Federal Government under the management of the Brazilian Army aimed at supporting Venezuelan migrants, we argue that systematic registration, monitoring and analysis actions developed under the motto of scientific research can not only contribute to the improvement of action provided for the population served but enabling the production of scientific knowledge. The propositions included in this production are based on qualitative research carried out in the second half of 2021, which used field research and non-participant observation with professionals and beneficiaries of Operation Acolhida, using the data contained in the diary as recording instruments. fieldwork and unsystematic interviews. The investigation showed that a wide range of information and knowledge converged towards the execution of the mission, however, they focused largely on empirical experience, with no dialogue between knowledge and academic-scientific products developed by civil and educational institutions. military.</p>
DossiêHumanitarian Missions; Scientific Research; Acolhida Operation.Sabrina CelestinoCarlos Roberto Carvalho Daróz
Copyright (c) 2023 Sabrina Celestino, Carlos Roberto Carvalho Daróz (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05779310.5281/10600022O mundo multipolar e a ordem metaconstitucional: desafios e perspectivas decorrentes da guerra da Ucrânia
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/39
<p>The recent war in Ukraine has demonstrated that concepts inherent to the international legal field and geopolitics need to be reviewed and updated. In this context, the present work aims to analyze the challenges and perspectives that arise for the construction of a multipolar and metaconstitutional world arising from international crises, notably the War in Ukraine and the Hamas x Israel Conflict. Thus, we intend to demonstrate that the metaconstitutional order of International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) acquires complex and relevant features in the military scenario. In effect, the movements on the geopolitical chessboard reveal the leading role of several countries in support of Ukraine, some linked by a collective defense pact, that is, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); others, aligned with the Kremlin, also due to security interests and hegemonic engagement of the bloc. The outcome of the current armed conflict in Ukraine could represent an important watershed for the consolidation of a new multipolar geopolitical order, the founding basis for the implementation of a new meta-constitutional legal order of human rights, in which the protection of human rights transcends the borders of the sovereign state.</p>
DossiêMeta-constitutionalism; War in Ukraine; Multipolarity; Pax Americana.Guilherme Sandoval GóesCarlos Alberto Rattmann
Copyright (c) 2023 Guilherme Sandoval Góes, Carlos Alberto Rattmann (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05203910.5281/10599891Reflexões sobre a paz perpétua kantiana e o metaconstitucionalismo
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/38
<p>The essay on perpetual peace, written by Immanuel Kant in the 18<sup>th</sup> century, although distant in time, maintains its current-day relevance, since the conquest of lasting peace on a global scale is still pending. In the wake of the improvement of conditions of human existence in today's troubled scenario, the proposal of meta-constitutionalism emerges, whose central objective is to expand the scope of human rights, based on overcoming the traditional constitutionalist model. In this way, the present research sought to compare the Kantian proposal of perpetual peace and meta-constitutionalism, in order to suggest the dissonances and convergences between both proposals, essentially considering the presence of liberty and right as striking elements in Kant’s thought.</p>
DossiêKant and perpetual peace; meta-constitutional model; liberty; right; human rights.Érika Rigotti Furtado
Copyright (c) 2023 Érika Rigotti Furtado (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05617610.5281/10599946A (des)constituição dos direitos humanitários no processo imigratório de venezuelanos ao Brasil
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/37
<p>The socioeconomic, political, humanitarian, and migratory crisis that Venezuela has suffered since the end of Hugo Chávez's government and that still remains in the current government of Nicolás Maduro, has reverberated in a direct way in maintaining its people’s lives. The fall in GDP and domestic per capita income, which occurred between the years 2015 to 2018, have been the biggest crisis faced by Venezuela. The search for improvement in essential aspects of life maintenance such as: better working conditions and income influences the migration of the needy population, which seeks survival and dignity. Basic human rights issues such as health, food, education, and housing end up being neglected. In response to this demand, this article aims to reflect on the concepts of identity construction and knowledge and how they differ attitudes that may limit access to fundamental, metaconstitutional humanitarian rights that are among the Venezuelan citizens in a new territory.</p>
DossiêVenezuelan immigrants, construction of identity, human rights, metaconstitutional.Carlos Alberto Leite da SilvaDébora Rafaela Nunes
Copyright (c) 2023 Carlos Alberto Leite da Silva, Débora Rafaela Nunes (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05406010.5281/10599925O Sistema Nações Unidas: A relação entre Direito e Política para a efetividade da proteção dos Direitos Humanos
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/36
<p>This article aims to point out the rescue of Law and Politics in international relations and the need to improve the United Nations System regarding the universal protection of human rights, under Kantian inspiration. In this way, the conception of the United Nations Organization and its organs is approached, adopting the deductive method, through bibliographical and documental research, which verifies the presence of possible legal responses that were not used by foreign policy makers around the globe, affecting the effectiveness of the system. That is, it intends to demonstrate that the current structure of the United Nations still lacks effective mechanisms that make the universalization of human rights possible.</p>
DossiêUnited Nations; Ukraine War; International Relations; Human Rights.Thiago dos Santos DiasCharles Pennaforte
Copyright (c) 2023 Thiago dos Santos Dias, Charles Pennaforte (Autor)
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2024-02-052024-02-05031910.5281/10594360“O interesse por um presente que é seu”: O tempo-presente da Política Externa e os desafios para a escrita da História
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/31
<p>This essay discusses some possibilities of rewriting a History of Foreign Policy in the present time, considering the meanings of rupture expressed by different actors and, at the same time, authors of the contemporary Brazilian political scene. In dialogue with the history of the present time, we point out how uncertainties and throw backs observed since 2019 stimulate new readings about the past, in a constant process of construction, reconstruction and dispute between Memory and History.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesBolsonaro, Brazilian Foreign Policy, New Republic, History of the Present Time, History of International Relations.Mateus José da Silva Santos
Copyright (c) 2021 Mateus José da Silva Santos (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26455110.5281/zenodo.6496216A concepção travassiana e a sua importância para a organização territorial do Brasil
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/30
<p>The aim of the article is to measure the conditions and topicality of the geopolitical thought of Mário Travassos as a method of interpretation of the implementation of a road network and energy infrastructure in South America. The adopted scale analysis is the continental one and, the authorized bibliography proves that Travassos' points of view still relevant to understand the territorial development of South America. The conclusion is that hydrocarbon trading in parallel to the implementation of a infrastructure is one of the vectors of South American integration.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesGeopolitical thought, Infrastructure, Hydrocarbon trading.Marcos Antônio Fávaro Martins
Copyright (c) 2021 Marcos Antônio Fávaro Martins (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26284410.5281/Crise humanitária na Venezuela: uma reflexão sobre a rede de atendimentos dos fluxos venezuelanos em Roraima
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/29
<p>This research is about the theme of the humanitarian crisis that has arisen from the political and economic crisis that incrementally evolved in Venezuela from 2010 to 2016/2017, reflecting on the service network for the flows of Venezuelan immigrants to the Brazilian State, Roraima. This study aims to show that this service network was established through a bilateral Technical Cooperation Agreement between the Brazilian Ministry of Social Development and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), aiming to manage the main decision-making on the Venezuela's migratory crisis in Brazil. The methodology is based on an exploratory descriptive literature review with a qualitative approach and content analysis. Therefore, it was proven that the current control carried out by UNHCR is necessary, but insufficient, for the identification and biometric registration of sheltered persons, issue of booklets, security, distribution of food at meals, distribution of cleaning and hygiene kits, in addition to other items of first need, promoting and supporting community organization, disseminating information, coordinating the tents available to accommodate families and people, whether in dormitories or in tents, always aiming at the general coordination of shelters.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesUNHCR, Migratory Crisis, Roraima, VenezuelaKelma Cristina da Silva WendlingFrancisleile Lima NascimentoElói Martins Senhoras
Copyright (c) 2021 Kelma Cristina da Silva Wendling, Francisleile Lima Nascimento, Elói Martins Senhoras (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26152710.5281/zenodo.6492050A internacionalização do RMB diante do controle sobre o sistema financeiro chinês
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/02-14
<p>After the 2008 crisis, China started a process of internationalization of its currency, the Renminbi (RMB), stimulated domestic reforms in the financial sector, boosting exports and investments. Exchange swap agreements were included, a specific international payments system was created, and the RMB was included in the IMF's currency basket. However, since the 2010s, the trajectory of the RMB's internationalization has presented difficulties for its advancement. In this work, our objective is to analyze these difficulties. We argue that external and internal factors contribute to understanding the difficulties of currency internationalization: externally, the role played by the dollar, which remains central with networks of externalities reproducing its strength as an international currency; domestically, China's option to maintain control of its capital account is difficult for the external insertion of the RMB. We conclude that China has sacrificed the internationalization of the RMB in order to maintain control over its financial system.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesChina, RMB, Currency Internationalization, Financial System, Capital Account.William DaldegamAna Tereza L. M. Sousa
Copyright (c) 2021 William Daldegam, Ana Tereza L. M. Sousa (Autor)
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2021-12-302021-12-3010.5281/zenodo.6491336Editorial #36: Apresentação ao leitor
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/26
Editoral | Editor's NoteCharles Pennaforte
Copyright (c) 2023 Charles Pennaforte (Autor)
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2021-12-302021-12-30010110.5281/zenodo.6496419Comércio Exterior Brasileiro e os Desafios da Interdependência Complexa
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/25
<p>The general objective of this paper is to present the profile of Brazilian foreign trade and its main challenges in a context of global interdependence. The economic globalization has deepened the interdependence between countries, consolidating international production chains and highlighting vulnerabilities in strategic sectors, such as services related to international maritime transport. The essay was prepared using a qualitative approach, based on secondary sources, and has an analytical-descriptive purpose. The Brazilian case suggests the country's vulnerability, not only because of its dependence on foreign companies to transport its foreign trade, but also due to the port services granted to international groups in the country's main terminals.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesInterdependence, International trade, Liberalism.Silvana Schimanski
Copyright (c) 2023 Silvana Schimanski (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26516410.5281/zenodo.10363534O eurocentrismo que não cabe no UE-centrismo
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/24
<p>Respecto del campo de estudios de la integración regional, Amitav Acharya y José Briceño Ruiz explanaran la posición prevaleciente del punto de vista y la influencia desde Europa, o particularmente de la Unión Europea (UE), acerca de las distintas experiencias regionales en el mundo y ese campo de estudios. Sin embargo, ellos desplegaron términos diferentes: UE-centrismo y eurocentrismo, respectivamente. Así, se objetiva contrastar las concepciones asociadas a los dos términos, considerando incluso el contexto del campo de estudios, a fín de proponer que hay eurocentrismos que no caben en la concepción de UE-centrismo.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesEurocentrismo, Integración Regional, Regionalismo, UE-centrismo.Luan Olliveira Pessoa
Copyright (c) 2023 Luan Olliveira Pessoa (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26385010.5281/zenodo.10363323Antropoceno, colonialidade e o internacional moderno
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/23
<p>The article discusses how the Anthropocene and coloniality are politically inserted in the construction of the modern international and the implications of this process for the education and theorization in International Relations. This is a deductive and theoretical research that is divided into three sections: the first section presents the concepts of anthropocene and homogenization and observes their (geo)necropolitics nature; the second presents the logic of homogenization as an instrument of the coloniality of power, capitalism and modernity and proposes to rethink these last concepts taking into account new analytical objects and theoretical horizons; from the paradigms of modernity, the third section discusses the disregard of difference to the detriment of globalizing/modernizing perspectives and the need to think of alternative theories to this logic of modernity. In the end, the article points out the importance and obstacles to overcome the problems and the dominant paradigms of the discipline of International Relations in an exercise of political and epistemological resistance, observing subaltern perspectives and ontological pluralities.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesAnthropocene; Modernity/Coloniality; International Relations.Pedro Victor Carvalho
Copyright (c) 2023 Pedro Victor Carvalho (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26193710.5281/zenodo.10359564A iniciativa de segurança global da China no discurso diplomático: uma análise introdutória
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/20
<p>The literature on the concept of international security and China's global role has expanded rapidly over the last decade, but most of these studies focus on general trends such as: (i) China's rise and its threat in the international system; (ii) the formation of security agendas in regional bodies, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and ASEAN, and (iii) bilateral approaches, such as the effects of China's international projection for US security. This paper takes the “Global Security Initiative” (GSI), launched in 2022, with the aim of proposing a new approach to international security studies and China. To this end, this paper draws on discourse analysis of primary sources and literature review on GSI in three dimensions: political, academic and journalistic. By analyzing how the GSI is codified in these three dimensions, it is argued that although the GSI corroborates the projection of China as a responsible international power, the initiative lacks practical objectives for its implementation, which makes it impossible to frame it within a proposal for reform and/or alternative of the current international security architecture. It is also argued that also that the GSI is fundamentally a rhetorical critique of the offensive of some Western countries against China, as in the US strategy for the Indo-Pacific. This is an exploratory research, which intends to contribute to the knowledge about the internal and external factors that influence China's vision of international security and also to open future paths and reflections dedicated to the analysis of initiatives "with Chinese characteristics ".</p>
Artigos | ArticlesGlobal Security Initiative; China; Chinese foreign policyLuís Filipe de Souza Porto
Copyright (c) 2023 Luís Filipe de Souza Porto (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26031810.5281/zenodo.10347402Editorial #39
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/19
Editoral | Editor's NoteCharles Pennaforte
Copyright (c) 2023 Charles Pennaforte (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26010210.5281/zenodo.10347149Transformação militar e Planejamento Baseado em Capacidade no Processo de Reconversão do Exército da Argentina
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/17
<p>Several countries and international military organizations have adopted Capacity Based Planning (PBC) as part of their methodological systems for Military Strategic Planning. However, the methodologies implemented differ from each other and are adapted according to the histories, experiences and practices of each country. Many of the countries in the strategic surroundings of South America, due to the search for new answers to the challenges of transnational and multidimensional character typical of the 21st century, in the midst of the Knowledge Age and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, adopted the PBC in its systematic methodological of Strategic Military Planning. In order to seek parameters that support the implementation of the PBC in Brazil, – this article analyzes the case of Argentina.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesMilitary transformation, Military Strategic Planning, Capacity-based planning, Methodology, Argentina.Fernanda das Graças Corrêa
Copyright (c) 2022 Fernanda das Graças Corrêa (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26587810.5281/zenodo.7236851Fronteiras, Geopolítica e Relações Internacionais
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/16
<p>The Covid-19 pandemic has deepened a global economic, political, and ecological crisis. In this context, it is necessary to address the closing of borders, a factor that induces discussions about the state, sovereignty, control and policies. The objective of the present article, based on studies about borders, is to reflect about power, geopolitics, and international relations within the crisis context, which, in general, leads us to rethink our history. To this end, the text is divided into two sections: the closing of borders and its repercussions, and the limits of globalization and geopolitics. Finally, the crises we face recall dark times of wars, atomic bombs, destruction, accentuated by the war conflict between countries with nuclear weapons capacity. To quote, Noam Chomsky highlights three threats to human existence: "the threat of nuclear war, the threat of global warming, and the deterioration of democracy".</p>
Artigos | ArticlesptMaria de Fátima Bento Ribeiro
Copyright (c) 2023 Maria de Fátima Bento Ribeiro (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26455710.5281/zenodo.7236785O mercado global das empresas militares privadas e operações cibernéticas: elementos para atribuição de responsabilidade estatal
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/14
<p>The aim of this article is to analyze the expansion of the global market of private military companies in the field of cyber operations and to reflect on the possibility of State responsibility for the actions of these non-state actors. From a methodological point of view, the research has an exploratory character, since it deals with a topic that has been understudied in the literature. The technique used includes a bibliographic review based on academic articles and international documents. The article is divided into two parts. The first part highlights the expansion of the use of communications and information technologies and the emergence of private military companies in cybersecurity. The second part discusses the possibilities of holding states accountable for cyber operations conducted by private military companies. As a partial result, the emergence of a global market of private military companies in cybersecurity could be observed. The attribution of state responsibility in the case of cyber operations conducted by private actors can be analyzed from three perspectives: technical, political, and legal. As for the legal</p>
Artigos | ArticlesPrivate Military Companies, Cyber Operation, State Responsibility.Luciano Vaz-FerreiraFilipe Bach Rodrigues
Copyright (c) 2022 Luciano Vaz-Ferreira, Filipe Bach Rodrigues (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26344410.5281/zenodo.7236757Comércio exterior dos municípios fonteiriços: um olhar sobre o perfil dos municípios na Região da Lagoa Mirim
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/13
<p>This article aims to analyze the foreign trade of border municipalities in the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul, in the context of regional integration debates. The focus is on the twenty-one Brazilian municipalities located in the Mirim-São Gonçalo Hydrographic Basin - whose waters are transboundary - situated on the limits of the Border Strip determined by Law nº 6.634, of May 2, 1979. Considering that the literature on regional integration suggests that the effects of such arrangements are the strengthening of links between the actors involved, we seek to analyze the profile of foreign trade in these municipalities to prove or refute the initial hypothesis that the municipalities of the Mirim-São Gonçalo Hydrographic Basin are integrated in terms of trade with the neighboring country, Uruguay. This is a qualitative study, based on primary and secondary sources and has an analytical-descriptive purpose. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that although in terms of values, foreign trade with Uruguay is not so representative, a portion of the municipalities that carry out foreign trade operations do business with the country. It is suggested that future studies deepen the discussions on production chains in the region.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesRegional Integration, Border Strip, Twin-Cities, Commercial Relations, International Trade.Silvana Schimanski
Copyright (c) 2022 Silvana Schimanski (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26193310.5281/zenodo.7236355América Latina em um mundo atravessado por múltiplas crises: breve contextualização do tempo presente
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/12
<p>The article analyzed some impacts of recent transformations in the international economy and global geopolitics on the Latin American and Caribbean region. It also pointed out some of the main challenges that the region must face, aggravated by the unexpected Covid 19 pandemic. The article is divided in four parts: the first part discussed the South American scenario in the 21st century after the so-called commodities super cycle and the so-called Pink Wave, the economic challenges to be faced by the countries in the region, and some recommendations from multilateral agencies. In the second part a critical reflection was made on the current hegemonic development model in South America, the so-called neo-extractivism and some of its main socio-territorial implications. The third part showed how the current scenario of economic and political crisis reinforces a social crisis, resulting in changes in the idea of (in)security, enumerating the risk factors and their link to the current economic model. The fourth part dealt with political transformations in South America, highlighting the erosion of regional integration initiatives, the growing distrust of democracy, and the irrelevance of the region in the international arena. In the final considerations, some questions were raised about the viability of the region overcoming its challenges and seeking relevance in the international arena.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesLatin America, Crisis, Regional integration, Geopolitics, Neo-extractivism.Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte
Copyright (c) 2022 Claudete de Castro Silva Vitte (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26031810.5281/zenodo.7235910Editorial #37:
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/11
Editoral | Editor's NoteCharles Pennaforte
Copyright (c) 2022 Charles Pennaforte (Autor)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2023-12-262023-12-26010210.5281/zenodo.7244936Volatilidade, complexidade, incerteza e ambiguidade: A metamorfose do mundo e a inserção de riscos geopolíticos como preocupações no ordenamento e no planejamento territoriais
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/10
<p>Due to the various and cumulative crises that have place in the current state of the International System, this paper proposes a reflection on the mediation between geopolitical risk factors and concerns related to territorial and spatial planning. The reach that goal, I propose an approximation on the ideas of “VUCA world”, used as a relevant framework in spatial planning, and the analysis put forward by Ulrich Beck (2018) on the “metamorphosis of the world”. By reviewing literature, as well as analysing relevant discourses on the matter, I seek to debate the similitude between the two ideas, pointing to the notion of geopolitical risk as a tool that might help to wonder on the current state of the world, as well as its consequences to spatial planning.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesVUCA world, metamorphosis of the world, geopolitics, risk, spatial planningGustavo Glodes Blum
Copyright (c) 2022 Gustavo Glodes Blum (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26758710.5281/zenodo.10117158O futuro com contornos do passado? Perspectivas sobre as relações Brasil-África a partir do novo governo Lula (2023)
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/9
<p>This article analyzes the challenges of reactivating the strategic dimension of Brazil-Africa relations within the context of changes in the country's international engagement efforts at the beginning of the Lula administration. By invoking the memory of the so-called "Altiva and Active Foreign Policy" as a vector for transforming Brazil's foreign relations after more than a decade of international withdrawal, the prospect of the country's competitive reintegration into the African continent faces various dilemmas. These dilemmas include disengagement that has occurred over the past years, involving historical variables of engagement, such as cooperation, trade, and discursive construction of these relations. Furthermore, it is argued that factors such as the systemic crisis and the geopolitical competition framework involving emerging powers and global powers in the African continent, combined with domestic factors like the need for re-engagement between the government and certain interest groups (agribusiness and the military), as well as the mobilization of resources to affirm a new African policy, point to the necessity of a reconfiguration of Brazilian strategies in re-establishing ties with Africa.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesBrazil-Africa Relations, Brazilian Foreign Policy, Lula da Silva Government.Mateus José da Silva Santos
Copyright (c) 2022 Mateus José da Silva Santos (Autor)
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2023-12-262023-12-26487410.5281/zenodo.10117133Perspectivas dos tratados internacionais e da legislação nacional voltados à pesca no espaço marinho brasileiro
https://revistaintellector.cenegri.org.br/index.php/intellector/article/view/8
<p>This article seeks to analyze the planning of fishing activities in the Brazilian marine space, based on international agreements and International Organizations in which Brazil participates, in order to value the impact on the national legislation. Currently, Brazil has an area of 3,500,000 km² under maritime zone jurisdiction, besides, the country is responsible for the management and economic exploitation of this space. Thus, it is essential to coordinate the planning of the national marine space, considering the international treaties that set conditions for this structure. This paper seeks to analyze the main commitments of the International Organizations focused on fishing activity and the legal arrangement in Brazil related to fishing activities. Through the analysis of the implementation and intentions of the agreements, we seek to evaluate the public policies to encourage fishing and protect the Brazilian marine space.</p>
Artigos | ArticlesFishing Activities, International Organizations, Marine Space, Public Policies, Brazilian LegislationAriane Ferreira Porto RosaCaio Menezes dos SantosEtiene Villela Marroni
Copyright (c) 2023 Ariane Ferreira Porto Rosa, Caio Menezes dos Santos, Etiene Villela Marroni (Autor)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2023-12-262023-12-26334710.5281/zenodo.10116945